Written consent to release client information is NOT required when the release is to which of the following?

The correct choice is the scenario in which information is shared with a spouse who participates in joint counseling sessions. In cases where couples are engaged in joint counseling, sharing information between partners is typically part of the therapeutic process. Even though confidentiality is paramount in counseling, the involvement of both partners in the sessions usually implies mutual understanding and consent to discuss certain topics and personal information within the therapeutic setting.

When counseling occurs in a joint format, it's assumed that both individuals have a vested interest in each other's progress and treatment. This environment fosters trust and encourages open communication, which can be essential for effective therapy. Therefore, explicit written consent to release information specifically to a spouse in joint counseling is often not necessary because both parties are involved in the therapeutic process and are expected to be transparent with each other about their treatment.

In contrast, when information is shared with an employer, attorney, or physician, written consent is generally required due to the nature of those relationships and the potential legal and privacy implications related to client confidentiality. Each of those scenarios involves third parties who are not directly involved in the counseling process, necessitating formal consent to protect client privacy rights.